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Duke University

433A MSRB I103 Research Drive (Box 3156)
Durham, NC 27710
United States

Background

Background

This project originated at the University of California San Francisco. Effective July 2017, Dr. Walsh has accepted a new position and will be completing work on his 'A' Award at Duke University in Durham, NC.

Background

While overall pediatric cancer patient survival rates have significantly improved over the past 40 years, poor prognosis persists in the aggressive pediatric cancer, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (aRMS). aRMS survival rates for high risk groups have not significantly improved in decades, due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms. Many aRMS tumors harbor an aRMS-specific gene mutation, known as PAX3-FOXO1. However, using experimental approaches, this mutation alone is not sufficient for tumor formation.

Background


Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (aRMS) is an aggressive cancer of skeletal muscle. Survival for children in high-risk groups is less than 30%, and this has not improved appreciably in over 30 years. aRMS is characterized by the DNA mutation PAX3-FOXO1, which acts in part by tricking cells into thinking they are building muscle. Although PAX3-FOXO1 is found only in aRMS and should be an ideal drug target, it is not druggable.

Background

Cancer vaccines are designed to stimulate the immune system into specifically targeting and killing invasive tumor cells. If tumor-specific antigens can be identified, these targets may meet the clear and urgent need for the development of safe and effective vaccines for children with recurrent brain tumors. We hypothesize that nanoparticles loaded with tumor RNA can serve as an effective immunization platform for eliciting potent tumor-specific immune responses in children with recurrent brain cancers.

Neuroblastoma is the third most common childhood cancer. Unfortunately, despite intensive treatment, two-thirds of children with advanced neuroblastoma succumb to their disease. Current intensive therapies have significant side effects, so new treatment options must be developed to improve outcomes in this devastating disease. To do so requires a better understanding of how neuroblastoma cells survive in the face of these intensive therapies.

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