affect, the expressions on the face such as smiling, frowning, blank stare that reveal emotions such as happiness, sadness, boredom, pain, fear

ataxia, poor muscle control which causes problems with balance, and can affect walking, hand coordination, speech, and swallowing, and eye movements

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a chronic condition including difficulty with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness

baseline screening, the initial conditions found by observation and measurement at the beginning of a treatment or clinical trial which is used for comparison with later data or findings to identify and measure changes

cerebrospinal fluid, a clear, colorless fluid found within the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord

cognitive late effects, after cancer treatments, the changes in the way children or adolescents think, remember, and learn

dysarthria, a speech disorder caused by damage to nervous system causing muscles that produce speech to weaken resulting in slurred speech

dysphagia, difficulty or discomfort in swallowing

incontinent, unable to control urination or bowel movements

Individualized Education Program (IEP), a special educational plan or program developed to ensure that a child with an identified disability who is attending elementary or secondary educational institution receives specialized instruction and related services: the plan/program is agreed upon between parents and the school system to assure that the student will be taught the same things as other students: reading, writing, mathematics, science, history, and other preparation for college or vocational training.

leukoencephalopathy, structural change of the white matter (protein cover) of the brain. When this happens, the message signal gets interrupted along the brain nerve pathways.

meninges, three membranes that line the skull and vertebral canal and enclose the brain and spinal cord

processing or information processing, how the mind takes in information and the flow of information as it is passes from one stage to another within a person’s mind.

proton therapy or proton beam therapy, a type of radiation treatment that uses a beam of protons to deliver radiation directly to the tumor

total body irradiation, radiation given in a way to cover the whole body