acute renal toxicity (or acute kidney injury), when kidneys lose their filtering ability and dangerous amounts of waste accumulate in the blood

anemia, not having enough red blood cells

chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, a type of cancer treatment that uses genetically altered immune cells called T cells to recognize and attack cancer

chronic nephritis, inflammation of the nephrons of the kidneys that lasts a long time. It can affect kidney function leading to changes in urine and urination

edema, swelling caused by tiny blood vessels leaking fluid into nearby tissues; most often occurs in feet, ankles, legs but can occur in other parts of the body

ejaculation, sudden release of semen from the penis from sexual stimulation

endocrinologist, a medical doctor who specializes in diseases and disorders of the body’s hormone-producing glands

fibrosis, scarring or hardening of the tissue in the bladder which makes it more difficult for the tissue to stretch

gynecologist, a medical doctor who specializes in the female reproductive system

hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HPSCT), formerly known as bone marrow transplant, involves administering healthy stem cells (e.g., bone marrow, cord blood, or peripheral blood) after the bone marrow has been destroyed by disease, chemotherapy (chemo), or radiation.

hemorrhagic cystitis, blood leaking into the bladder from irritated blood vessels inside the bladder wall

hydrocele, excessive fluid in the testicles

libido, sex drive

mesna, a medication used in those taking cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide to decrease the risk of bleeding from the bladder

nephrologist, a medical doctor who specializes in treating diseases of the kidneys

nephritis, inflammation of the kidneys that can affect kidney function leading to changes in urine and urination

nocturia, excessive urination during the night

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, over-the-counter medications used for pain, fever or inflammation (e.g., aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen)

radical lymph node dissections, removal of many lymph nodes in an area of the body

tubular necrosis, damage that occurs to tube-shaped structures in the kidneys (tubules) that filter out waste products and fluid

urologist, a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of the urinary system in men and women and also the reproductive system of men

urinary diversion, a surgical procedure that allows urine to flow out of the body through a tube in the abdominal wall

vaginal dilations, expansion of the vagina using tube-shaped devices