anti-mullerian hormone, hormone produced by the granulosa cells in female ovarian follicles; levels of this hormone can indicate fertility

early menopause, menopause that begins in the 20s or 30s instead of the 40s or 50s

estrogen, sex hormones that have the primary role of human reproduction or sexual function. In females, they are primarily important to the health of the uterus.

FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone

GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone), hormone that stimulates the pituitary gland to release FSH and LH

hormones, substances released in tiny amounts throughout the body to direct complicated and vital body processes such as growth, puberty, reaction to stress, temperature regulation, and urine output

hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA), the hypothalamus and pituitary glands that work together to control all other glands in the endocrine system

hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HPSCT) or stem cell transplant, formerly known as bone marrow transplant, involves administering healthy stem cells (e.g., bone marrow, cord blood, or peripheral blood) to patients after the bone marrow has been destroyed by disease, chemotherapy (chemo), or radiation.

hyperprolactinemia, higher levels of prolactin in the blood

hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA), the hypothalamus and pituitary work together to control all the other glands in the endocrine system

Leydig cells, found throughout the testicles produce the hormone, testosterone

luteinizing hormone (LH)

metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that occur together including obesity, insulin resistance, high cholesterol level, and high blood pressure that increase risk of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. Survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk for metabolic syndrome.

oocyte (egg) or embryo freezing, also called oocyte cryopreservation, a procedure to preserve a woman’s eggs (oocytes) for future use. In the future, eggs can be thawed, fertilized, and transferred to the uterus as embryos.

primary ovarian failure, direct damage to the ovaries due to chemotherapy or radiation

primary testicular failure, failure of testes to function properly and produce sperm

testicular failure (secondary) failure of testes to produce sperm caused by a problem in the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland

progesterone, sex hormones that have the primary role of human reproduction or sexual function

secondary ovarian failure, direct damage to the HPA causing the ovaries not to function properly

spermatogonia, cells that produce sperm

stem cell transplant or hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HPSCT), involves administering healthy hematopoietic stem cells (e.g., bone marrow, cord blood, or peripheral blood) to patients after the bone marrow has been destroyed by disease, chemotherapy (chemo), or radiation

testosterone, a sex hormone produced in both males and females; it functions as the major sex hormone in males and is essential to the development of male growth and masculine development