There is evidence that survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk for metabolic syndrome, which consists of a group of symptoms that, themselves are chronic conditions, and include obesity, insulin resistance, high cholesterol level, and high blood pressure. Though, each of these chronic conditions are independently potentially serious long-term effects of cancer treatment. This syndrome can lead to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Some types of treatment predispose children to metabolic syndrome, and an endocrinologist is best able to diagnose this late effect. Treatment will vary based on which symptoms the child or young adult exhibits. Please speak with your own survivorship team for more information and refer to Chapter 5, Staying Healthy.